After repetitive drying and bonding procedures, waste paper fibers are very stiff.
The P and S1 layers have been completely damaged. The fiber surface has been totally keratinized with no fibrillation.
The above shows that the bonding strength between waste paper fiber is very bad! Refining is necessary!
Sometimes, high beating degree means large amount of short fines, it does not represent good fibrillation.
The main function of Low Consistency process is to cut off the fibers and increase the outer fibrillation.
The above shows that the this kind of pulp cannot be treated by low consistency refining, but it does not mean that it cannot be achieved by High consistency refining.